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Sources and licences

Where everything you see and hear comes from.

The sounds, ECG recordings, chest X-rays and 3D models come from open datasets and libraries with licences checked at the source. Here are the authors, the licences and the sources.

Auscultation sounds

Recordings from a teaching manikin (the HLS-CMDS dataset) and from open clinical datasets.

HF_Lung_V1 lung sound database

Authors
Heroic-Faith Medical Science Co. Ltd., Taiwan Society of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine
Licence
CC BY 4.0, external link
Source page
gitlab.com/techsupportHF/HF_Lung_V1, external link
Citation
Hsu F-S, Huang S-R, Huang C-W, et al. (2021). Benchmarking of eight recurrent neural network variants for breath phase and adventitious sound detection on a self-developed open-access lung sound database: HF_Lung_V1. PLoS ONE 16(7): e0254134. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254134

  • Inspiratory stridor, adult patient

    Adapted for the system.

HLS-CMDS: Heart and Lung Sounds Dataset Recorded from a Clinical Manikin using Digital Stethoscope

Authors
Yasaman Torabi, Shahram Shirani, James P. Reilly
Licence
CC BY 4.0, external link
Source page
zenodo.org/records/15376628, external link
Citation
Y. Torabi, S. Shirani and J. P. Reilly, "Descriptor: Heart and Lung Sounds Dataset Recorded from a Clinical Manikin using Digital Stethoscope (HLS-CMDS)", IEEE Data Descriptions, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEEDATA.2025.3566012

  • Normal heart sounds, apex

    Adapted for the system.

  • Normal breath sounds, right upper anterior chest

    Adapted for the system.

  • Tachycardia, apex

    Adapted for the system.

  • Wheezing, right upper anterior chest

    Adapted for the system.

ECG recordings

Real 12-lead recordings from the PTB-XL dataset.

PTB-XL, a large publicly available electrocardiography dataset (version 1.0.3)

Authors
Patrick Wagner, Nils Strodthoff, Ralf-Dieter Bousseljot, Wojciech Samek, Tobias Schaeffter
Licence
CC BY 4.0, external link
Source page
physionet.org/content/ptb-xl/1.0.3/, external link
Citation
Wagner, P., Strodthoff, N., Bousseljot, R., Samek, W., & Schaeffter, T. (2022). PTB-XL, a large publicly available electrocardiography dataset (version 1.0.3). PhysioNet. https://doi.org/10.13026/kfzx-aw45. Original publication: Wagner, P., Strodthoff, N., Bousseljot, R.-D., Kreiseler, D., Lunze, F.I., Samek, W., Schaeffter, T. (2020). PTB-XL: A Large Publicly Available ECG Dataset. Scientific Data. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0495-6. PhysioNet: Pollard, T., Moody, B. E., Lehman, L., Gow, B., Fernandes, C., Xie, C., Johnson, A., Mark, R. G., & Heldt, T. (2026). PhysioNet as a global platform for biomedical research. Nature Health. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44360-026-00096-z

  • 12-lead ECG, sinus tachycardia

    Adapted for the system.

Chest X-rays

Images from NIH ChestX-ray14 under NIH’s terms: a link to the dataset, a citation of Wang et al. (CVPR 2017) and an acknowledgement of the NIH Clinical Center.

NIH ChestX-ray14 (ChestX-ray8)

Authors
NIH Clinical Center, Xiaosong Wang, Yifan Peng, Le Lu, Zhiyong Lu, Mohammadhadi Bagheri, Ronald M. Summers
Licence
NIH Clinical Center terms of use, external link
Source page
nihcc.app.box.com/v/ChestXray-NIHCC, external link
Citation
Xiaosong Wang, Yifan Peng, Le Lu, Zhiyong Lu, Mohammadhadi Bagheri, Ronald Summers. ChestX-ray8: Hospital-scale Chest X-ray Database and Benchmarks on Weakly-Supervised Classification and Localization of Common Thorax Diseases. IEEE CVPR 2017, pp. 3462-3471. Data provided by the NIH Clinical Center, https://nihcc.app.box.com/v/ChestXray-NIHCC

  • Chest X-ray, PA, labelled Infiltration and Pneumonia

    Adapted for the system.

3D furnishings

The furnishings in the 3D rooms also use the models below, under the licences shown.

Faces and voices

The faces and voices of the patients and the nurse are synthetic and do not depict real people.

Research

The studies cited on this site.

  1. Kononowicz AA, Woodham LA, Edelbring S, Stathakarou N, Davies D, Saxena N, Tudor Car L, Carlstedt-Duke J, Car J, Zary N. Virtual Patient Simulations in Health Professions Education: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by the Digital Health Education Collaboration. J Med Internet Res. 2019;21(7):e14676.

    DOI 10.2196/14676, external link

  2. Zhao L, Yan H, Liu L, et al. Effect of desktop virtual patient simulation on clinical reasoning skills of nursing students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Pract. 2026;93:104822.

    DOI 10.1016/j.nepr.2026.104822, external link

Clinical guidelines

The guidelines the criteria in the example cases are written from. We cite them as sources, not as endorsements.

  1. Greif R, Lauridsen KG, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025 Executive Summary. Resuscitation. 2025;215:110770.

    DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110770, external link

  2. Lott C, Karageorgos V, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025 Special Circumstances in Resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2025;215:110753.

    DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110753, external link

  3. Byrne RA, Rossello X, et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(38):3720-3826.

    DOI 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad191, external link

  4. Muraro A, Worm M, et al. EAACI guidelines: Anaphylaxis (2021 update). Allergy. 2022;77(2):357-377.

    DOI 10.1111/all.15032, external link

  5. Prescott HC, Antonelli M, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2026. Intensive Care Med. 2026;52(5):863-936.

    DOI 10.1007/s00134-026-08361-1, external link

Legal sources

The regulations we refer to.

  1. Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024.

    eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj, external link

  2. Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Official Journal of 24 July 2026.

    eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj, external link

  3. Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 (General Data Protection Regulation).

    eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj, external link